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PROPOSED ORDINANCE 

FOR THE 

Regulation of the Milk 
Supply 

OF 

SAINT LOUIS 



CIVIC LEAGUE 
January, 1912 



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To the Honorable Board of Health. 
Gentlemen : — 

We beg to transmit for your consideration the report of our 
Housing and Sanitation- Committee on an adequate system of regu- 
lation for the city's milk supply. We trust that our committee's 
work may be of some real service to you in meeting one of the 
most difficult health problems of a great city. The Executive Board 
endorses the work of the Committee and trusts that your Honorable 
Body will cause the proposed ordinance to be Introduced into the 
Municipal Assembly, with such modifications as you may see fit to 
make. 

The League does not introduce the ordinance on its own mo- 
tion, believing that the work of a volunteer organization, such as 
ours, Is more fittingly presented for the consideration of the public 
•officers responsible for the community's health. 

Respectfully yours, 

EXECUTIVE BOARD, 
by Saunders Norvell, President. 
Roger N. Baldwin, Secretary. 



To the Executive Board of the Civic League. 
Gentlemen : — 

Your Housing and Sanitation Committee, which has investi- 
gated the proper remedies for the control of the city's milk supply 
as authorized by you, begs leave to submit the report of Its special 
committee. In doing so the Committee begs to call your attention 
to the very great amount of painstaking volunteer work which has 
been done by the various members of this committee, and particular- 
ly by Mr. Bedal, who devoted many days and great thought to the 
preparation of this most comprehensive ordinance. 

Your Committee believes that the League, in endorsing this pro- 
posed ordinance, stands behind a system of regulation which is 
thoroughly fair and practical, and which should meet the approval 
of every Interested and fair-minded citizen. 

Respectfully yours, 
HOUSING & SANITATION COMMITTEE. 

J. Hal Lynch, Chairman Vincent McShane, Vice-Chairman 

Wm. S. Bedal Sarah A. McGuIre 

Geo. O. Carpenter, Jr. Geo. W. Sutherland 

Prof. S. M. Coulter Horace M. Swope 

Dr. W. H. Fuchs John H. Terry 

Lewis Gustafson Dr. B. S. Warren 

1 



To the Housing and Sanitation Committee of the Civic League : 

Your special committee appointed to inquire into the proper pro- 
visions for an ordinance controlling the milk supply, begs to submit 
the following report : 

The committee found, at the outset of the investigation, that 
the field had been well covered in the report made by the Depart- 
ment of Research of the School of Social Economy through Miss 
Elizabeth Moore and Mrs. Minnie D. Weiss. This published re- 
port, which described the St. Louis milk situation in detail and from 
exact tests, is the first comprehensive statement which the city has 
had of the conditions of its milk supply. 

An exhaustive investigation was made for the School of Social 
Economy by Dr. Albert Merrell, in the year 1909, but was not 
published. These investigations furnish abundant material for ac- 
tion and give a graphic picture of the production and handling of 
milk in St. Louis. The relation of the milk supply to infant mor- 
tality was especially studied, as was also milk regulation in other 
cities. 

The report of the School of Social Economy made the follow- 
ing recommendations: 

1. That a system of permits for all branches of the milk busi- 
ness be established, and especially that a permit be required to ship 
milk into the city. 

2. That it be made a condition of the granting of all permits 
that the holders sign an agreement to comply with all the require- 
ments of the ordinances, and of the Board of Health, and especially 
that all producers outside the city who wish to ship milk into the 
city agree to produce and handle their milk in accordance with the 
rules of the Board of Health and to admit the Health Department 
inspectors; or if the shipper be not the producer, that he agree to 
buy milk only from those who produce it under the above condi- 
tions. 

3. That permits may be revoked by the Board of Health, 
after a hearing, for any violation of the agreement made by the 
holder. 

4. That when a permit has been revoked, the same person 
{firm or corporation) cannot obtain a new one unless he gives $500 
bond for the faithful performance of his agreements, 

5. That the prohibition of adulteration, skimming and water- 
ing be left in charge of the City Chemist, as at present, but with 
an additional inspector. 



^^■Li-^ 






6. That the Board of Health be given authority to make 
all necessary detailed sanitary rules for all branches of the milk 
business ; that the enforcement of the sanitary regulations be placed 
in charge of the Sanitary Division, and that in addition to the four 
city dairy inspectors at present employed, provision be made for 
eight country inspectors. 

7. That the' existing requirements that milk be kept below 
50 degrees F. be maintained, and reinforced by a provision for the 
confiscation and destruction of all milk found above 59 degrees. 

8. That pasteurization be regulated so as to secure better 
results, and that double pasteurization be prohibited. 

Your Committee, therefore, was in possession of sufficient ma- 
terial on which to base its practical system of milk regulation. Mr. 
Wm. S. Bedal, of the Committee, agreed to draft the ordinance, 
and collected for that purpose material from every city in the coun- 
try which had, in any way, adequate milk inspection. It was clear, 
from the beginning, that one of the most difficult problems was the 
control of the milk supply which comes to us from Illinois. That 
problem, however, has arisen in other cities and has been satisfac- 
torily handled. 

Your special committee held a large number of meetings, often 
of several hours duration, and went over in minute detail Mr. 
Bedal's tentative drafts. Not only did the committee do this v/ork, 
but it also consulted the dairymen and milk dealers regarding the 
practical provisions of the ordinance. Practically every member of 
the Committee has become thoroughly familiar with the problem 
from actual inspection of dairies and extensive reading. On Sep- 
tember 22nd a special conference was held in the rooms of the City 
Club attended by persons interested in the milk problem and by 
representatives of the dairy companies. The tentative draft of the 
ordinance was discussed and various objections heard. Some of 
the objections have been met in the final draft herewith presented. 
Others the Committee feels are not serious enough for our consid- 
eration In view of the experience of other cities, and others are funda- 
mental differences in point-of-view between the milk dealers and 
the Committee. 

Your special committee realizes that it may be unnecessary to 
ask for the enactment of an entire new Milk Code such as we pre- 
sent herewith. Amendments to the present ordinance covering the 
significant features would probably meet requirements, though we 
believe not nearly so well as the repeal of our present laws and the 
enactment in their stead of a comprehensive code. 



We have covered in this proposed ordinance the regulation of 
hutter-milk as well as milk and cream. We believe that the code 
repfesents the very best thought and experience to be obtained. We 
have indicated the sources from which the various sections of the 
ordinance are drawn. The work has been done with extreme care 
and, we believe, meets not only legal but practical needs as well. 

Respectfully submitted, 

SUB- COMMITTEE ON THE INVESTIGATION OF THE 
MILK SUPPLY, 

' Dr. B. S. Warren, Chairman 

Wm. S. Bedal Elizabeth Moore 

Prof. Samuel M. Coulter Robt. M. Wilson 

Dr. John Zahorsky 



SYNOPSIS OF PROPOSED MILK ORDINANCE. 

In view of the fact that the ordinance here printed is of great 
length, involving many details which are not of general public in- 
terest, it is deemed advisable to outline briefly its main provisions. 



PURPOSE. 

As stated in Its heading, the purpose of the ordinance is to enact 
a comprehensive "Milk Code," repealing the existing laws of the 
City of St. Louis relating to the subject. This, however, does not 
mean that all the existing laws are done away with, for a great many 
of them are repeated in this ordinance. For convenience, it seemed 
necessary to have all the provisions relating to milk, cream and but- 
ter-milk, placed In one ordinance uniformly constructed, rather than 
scattered by amendments and repeals through many pages of the 
present Municipal Code. 

ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS. 

The executive part of the work called for by this ordinance will 
be entrusted to a Chief Milk Inspector. The efficiency of the pro- 
vlsi-ons will stand or fall according as the Chief Milk Inspector Is 
competent or Incompetent. He Is an officer of the Board of Health 
holding office for a term of four years, at a salary of $2500.00 a 
year, the present salary of the City Chemist. As necessaiT qualifi- 
cations he must be a person skilled in the science of dairying and 
competent to instruct dairymen In the proper methods of producing 
milk. To carry out the work of inspection, which under this ordi- 
nance is the most important feature, the Chief Milk Inspector Is 
authorized to appoint, with the approval of the Board of Health, 
twelve Deputy Milk Inspectors, at salaries of $1000.00 a year. 

Under the present law there are only four such inspectors, while 
in Washington, a city half the size of St. Louis, eight such inspec- 
tors are employed. 

5 



LICENSE SYSTEM. 

No one can sell milk, cream or butter-milk in the City of St. 
Louis, unless he has first registered in the office of the Chief Milk 
Inspector, and procured a license so to do. An important feature, 
and one which sharply distinguishes it from the present law, is the 
fact that no person can sell any milk produced in dairies which have 
Jiot been inspected by the city officers or which fail to comply with 
the requirements of the ordinance. If this portion of the ordinance 
is successfully enforced, people of St. Louis can be assured that the 
milk supply will be good. 

For the purpose of controlling all departments of the milk 
business, applicants for licenses to sell milk, cream and butter-milk 
in the City of St. Louis are divided into four classes, namely; Milk 
Vendors, or those who are properly in the milk business; Operators 
of a City Milk Plant, that is, those who prepare milk for distribu- 
tion at a place apart from that where the milk is produced; Pro- 
prietors of a Store, that is, those who sell milk simply as an incident 
to their main business ; and Operators of a Pasteurizer, which term 
is self-explanatory. 

If a person falls in more than one class he must secure a sep- 
arate license for each class. 

In the application for a license the applicant is required to 
give practically the same information that he is at present required 
to supply. Additional requirements are data concerning shipping 
and collecting-stations, the business conducted on the premises where 
milk is sold, and the methods of pasteurization. There is an affirm- 
ative agreem.ent on the part of the applicant to abide by all the 
rules and regulations prescribed in the ordinance and a further agree- 
ment to buy milk, cream or butter-milk only from the dairies which 
have a certificate of inspection. 

The ordinance makes very liberal provisions for the issuing 
of temporary permits. Any person making an application has the 
right to sell milk, cream or butter-milk in the City of St. Louis 
until it has been definitely decided that the conduct of his business 
is not in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance. On 
filing the application it is the duty of the Chief Milk Inspector to 
designate an inspector to examine into the conduct of the applicant's 
business and if the inspector finds that conditions are not in accord- 
ance with the ordinance he notifies the applicant, who is given a 



reasonable time in which to remedy the defects, before the Chief 
Milk Inspector finally determines that the applicant is not entitled 
to a license. 

The Chief Milk Inspector issues two kinds of licenses or certifi- 
ficates; Certificates of Registration, and Certificates of Inspection. 
Certificates of Registration are issued to those people who are 
carrying on business in the City of St. Louis. Certificates of In- 
spection are issued to those persons who are in the milk business 
outside of the City of St. Louis, but who supply milk sold in the City, 
these certificates stating that they are authorized to supply milk for 
sale in the City of St. Louis. Certificates of Registration and of 
Inspection hold good for a year. It is proposed that at least two 
inspections a year shall be made. 

The only inspection fees required by the ordinance are those 
of applicants for Certificates of Registration, who shall pay $2.00 
a year. 

STANDARDS OF MILK REQUIRED. 

After the passage of the ordinance only two kinds of milk 
will be sold in the City of St. Louis, — that produced from tuberculin- 
tested cows and pasteurized milk. If milk is not produced from 
tuberculin-tested cows, it must be pasteurized before reaching the 
consumer. Any veterinary surgeon, duly registered or licensed un- 
der the laws of the State of Missouri, or the State of Illinois, is 
nuthorized to make the tuberculin test. His certificate is all that is 
necessary for the applicant to obtain. Following the usual prac- 
tice, cows which have been tested and have failed to react are tagged, 
so that they can be later identified by the inspectors. 

So far as the standards prescribed for milk are concerned, the 
provisions are practically uniform with the United States Govern- 
ment standards and the State laws. The present standard for milk 
is raised from 3% butter-fat to 354%- ^ "®w feature is the 
prolnibition of the sale of milk containing any pathogenic 
bacteria, or milk containing more than one million bacteria 
per cubic centimeter. The ordinance is extremely liberal 

in this respect compared with the thirty thousand per c. c. standard 
for certified milk in St. Louis, the Chicago and New York standards 
of 100,000 and the Cleveland standard of 500,000. This provi- 
sion was inserted with the Intention of tracing bad milk by the 
bacteriological counts. An excessive number of bacteria shows 
that milk is produced or kept in an improper manner. Wherever 

7 



this is true in any shipper's milk, his premises will be at once subject 
to immediate inspection. 

In this proposed law, the present ordinance relating to the sale 
of skimmed milk is left untouched because the only evil in skimmed 
milk is its substitution for whole milk. In itself it is a legitimate 
food. The present provisions also remain requiring the conspicu- 
ous labeling of milk-containers from which skimmed milk is sold 
and the vehicles carrying skimmed milk. The display of a sign 
in a conspicuous place in all stores where skimmed milk is on sale 
is also required to advise customers. 

The present city standard for cream is left intact. The ordi- 
nance permits the sale of Modified Milk on a physician's order^ 
butter-milk and milk prepared by fermentation processes. 

RULES FOR THE INSPECTION OF DAIRIES, ETC. 

: /\s before stated the fundamental change effected by this ordi- 
nance is the inspection of dairies and premises outside the city 
limits, where milk for sale in the City of St. Louis is either pro- 
duced or handled. The rules for the inspection of dairies and for 
the shipping or collecting stations are therefore among the most 
important in the ordinance. These rules ordinarily should be 
framed by the Board of Health, but owing to the form of our city 
government, it has been necessary to incorporate these rules in the 
form of provisions of the ordinance. 

The inspectors grade dairies according to the score card sys- 
tem used by the United States Department of Agriculture. Space 
prohibits setting forth the provisions of this score card. It is a 
scoring device based on a possible loo points in a perfect dairy, each 
item in the inspection being given a certain number of points. If 
a dairy cannot score fifty points under this system, the milk pro- 
duced in it cannot be sold in the City of St. Louis. If a filthy con- 
dition is found amongst the herd or on the premises of the dairies, 
or if the water supply is exposed to dangerous contamination, or 
there is evidence of the presence of a dangerous disease in the ani- 
mals or attendants, it is impossible for such a dairy to score fifty. 

The inspector makes an original and two carbons of the score 
cards, keeping the original for the Chief Milk Inspector and giving 
the owner of the dairy insoected a carbon copy. If the owner does 
not sell milk directly in the- City of St. Louis, another carbon copy 
is given to the person who sells the milk produced from that dairy. 
If the Chief Milk Inspector is satisfied that the inspection has been 



properly conducted, a certificate of inspection is issued for that par- 
ticular dairy. If he is not satisfied, the Chief Milk Inspector may 
order a re-inspection of the dairy. 

In making inspections, the inspectors must take two samples 
of milk, seal the samples and keep them at a temperature of fifty 
degrees Fahrenheit. One sample is given to the City Bacteriologist 
for the bacteriological count and the othe'r sample is given to the 
City Chemist for chemical analysis. 

No certificate of inspection is issued if a dairyman refuses to 
have his herd or premises inspected, and the milk produced there is 
forbidden sale in the City of St. Louis. 

REVOCATION OF CERTIFICATES. 

The only adequate protection against the violation of the pro- 
visions of the ordinance is by revoking certificates of inspection or 
certificates of registration, just as in the liquor business, the licenses 
of saloon keepers are revoked for violation of the dramshop law. 
Fine and imprisonment have no terror so great as the revocation of 
a license. However, the interest of the milk-producer, as well as 
of the public must be safeguarded, and no certificate Is revoked until 
the offender has been given full opportunity to remedy the violation 
of the law, and then only after a hearing before the Board of 
Health, with the privilege of being represented by counsel. Cer= 
tificates are revoked only by the Board of Health. After 
a certificate of registration Is revoked. If the holder desires a new 
certificate he must give a $500.00 bond conditioned on his faithful 
compliance with the ordinances of the city. Where a certificate of 
Inspection has been revoked three times within two years the holder 
cannot sell his milk in the City of St. Louis for a period of six 
months from the date of the last revocation. Where there Is one 
revocation v/lthin two years, the holder must pay five dollars for a 
re-issue, and where there are two revocations, he must pay ten 
dollars. 

SICKNESS OF EMPLOYEES OR OF CATTLE 

Provision is made requiring dairymen to report the presence of 
sick or diseased cattle among their herd and to remove them. Persons 
suffering from or exposed to contagious or infectious diseases are 
prohibited from working around dairies. If there are any cases of 
smallpox, diphtheria, scarlet fever, typhoid fever or tuberculosis 
at the dairy, the sale of milk from the dairy is prohibited until the 
disease has terminated and the premises have been fumigated. 

9 



SHIPPING AND COLLECTING STATIONS. 

Sections 41 to 60, inclusive, are concerned with the regulation 
of the sanitary conditions in shipping and collecting stations and 
City Milk Plants. It seems absurd to have to put these detailed 
rules in the form of an ordinance, for they are properly Board of 
Health regulations, but under our charter it is necessary. The de- 
tails are too numerous to be even abstracted. In the main they deal 
with the sanitary condition of the premises, the method of handling 
milk and the cleanliness of the utensils and of the employees. The 
rules prescribed will only slightly change the conditions now pre- 
vailing at the best shipping and collecting stations and city milk 
plants. 

REGARDING THE SALE OF MILK. 

The ordinance seeks to prohibit the sale of milk in stores unless 
sanitary conditions are observed. The premises where milk is sold 
must be separated from living rooms, laundries, kitchens, stables, 
etc. The m.ilk must be protected from dust and dirt and there must 
be proper provision made for keeping the milk at a temperature of 
fifty degrees Fahrenheit. If the milk is kept in vats the vats must 
be kept clean and if kept in an ice box or refrigerator, articles likely 
to contaminate the milk must be removed from that particular com- 
partment of the refrigerator. Provision is also made for the proper 
cleaning of all ice boxes, utensils and bottles. 

A great step in advance is made by the provision requiring 
that milk, if sold in quantities less than one gallon, be sold in bot- 
tles or some receptacle readily sealed and sterilized, or in a recep- 
tacle that is used only once. This provision does not apply to those 
places, however, where the milk is sold to be immediately consumed 
on the premises. Under this ordinance, the consumers of milk are 
required tO' wash the bottles before their return. The use of milk 
bottles for any other purposes is prohibited and the removal of milk 
bottles from dwellings where there are communicable diseases is 
prohibited except under such rules or regulations as the Board of 
Health may provide. 

PASTEURIZATION. 

That part of the ordinance relating to pasteurization Is to a 
large extent original, the endeavor being made to draw the proper 
line between theory and practice. Both the "flash" and the "held'* 

10 



method of pasteurization are recognized. If the flash method is 
used, the milk must be heated to a temperature of not less than 
1 60 degrees Fahrenheit, nor more than 170 degrees. 

Where the held method is used, the milk must be heated to a 
temperature of from 140 degrees to 146 degrees Fahrenheit and 
held not less than twenty minutes nor more than thirty minutes ; or 
at a temperature from 146 degrees to 158 degrees Fahrenheit, and 
held not less than ten minutes or more than twenty minutes. Under 
both methods of pasteurization the milk must be cooled immediately 
to a temperature of 45 degrees Fahrenheit or less. Directly after 
pasteurization the milk must contain no pathogenic bacteria and 
not more than 100,000 other bacteria per cubic centimeter. All 
pasteurizers must have an apparatus regulating automatically the 
supply of steam and heat so as to correspond and produce the re- 
quired temperature of the outflow of the pasteurized products. To 
see that the pasteurization is properly done the pasteurizer must be 
equipped with a sealed temperature recording apparatus, access to 
which is given only to the Chief Milk Inspector. 

Pasteurized milk must be delivered to the consumer within 
twenty-four hours of the pasteurization. There is a direct prohi- 
bition of the sale of milk which has been pasteurized a second 
time. 

CONFISCATION AND PENALTIES. 

By section 82 of the ordinance milk inspectors are given author- 
ity to confiscate milk, which does not comply with the provisions of 
this ordinance. A provision similar to this is found in all ordinances 
which purport to deal adequately with the milk supply. Confisca- 
tion is the only adequate way to keep milk which is known to be 
impure, from the hands of the consumers. 

Section 83 of the ordinance makes all violations of its provi- 
sions a misdemeanor. The maximum fine for all offenses is $200.00. 
The minimum fine for selling milk without a certificate of registra- 
tion is $25.00. The minimum fine for all other violations is $5.00. 

The ordinance closes with a repeal of those parts of the code 
which the ordinance is designed to replace. 



11 



PROPOSED ORDINANCE. 

An ordinance to repeal Articles 5 and 6, Chapter 11, of the 
Revised Code of St. Louis, 1907, to repeal ordinances numbered 
24295, 24296, 24297, 24582 and24354, to create the office of Chief 
Milk Inspector, provide for his salary and duties, to provide for the 
appointment and duties of 12 Deputy Milk Inspectors and to pro- 
vide a complete set of regulations governing the milk supply and the 
milk, cream or butter-milk sold in the City of St. Louis and provid- 
ing penalties therefor. 

Be it ordained by the Municipal Assembly of the City of St. 
Louis, as follows : 

Section i. There is hereby created the office of Chief Milk 
Inspector who shall be appointed by the Mayor with the approval 
of the Board of Health and subject to confirmation by the Council, 
and shall perform his duties under the supervision and control of 
the Board of Health. He shall hold office for the term of four 
years and until his successor is duly appointed and qualified. (Rec- 
ommendat'wn of U. S. Government experts — Bulletin ^6, page JJi.) 

Section 2. The salary of the Chief Milk Inspector shall be at 
the rate of $2,500 per annum, payable in equal monthly install- 
ments. He shall give a good and sufficient bond to the City of St. 
Louis in the sum of $10,000, to be approved by the Mayor and 
Council conditioned upon faithful performance of his duties. (Pres- 
ent provisions relating to City Chemist — Code Sec. 4'J'J.) 

Section 3. The Chief Milk Inspector shall be a person skilled 
in the science of dairying and competent to instruct dairymen in 
the proper methods of producing milk. (Ke commendation of the 
U. S. Government experts — Bulletin ^6, page 771-) 

Section 4. The Chief Milk Inspector shall have general su- 
pervision of the inspection of dairies supplying milk, cream and 
butter-milk for sale in the City of St. Louis, and of all milk, cream 
and butter-milk sold in the City of St. Louis, as well as the places 
where such milk, cream or butter-milk is produced, handled or 
offered for sale. He shall keep a complete record of all official acts 
done by him or his assistants and report to the Board of Health 
weekly with such information as the Board of Health may require. 
He is authorized to make such rules and regulations with the ap- 
proval of the Board of Health, which are not inconsistent with the 
charter or any city ordinance or law of the State, as may be neces- 
sary for the execution of his orders or proper administration of the 
office. (Founded on general scheme of this ordinance.) 

12 



Section 5. There are hereby created the offices of 12 Deputy 
Milk Inspectors who shall be appointed by the Chief Milk Inspec- 
tor with the approval of the Board of Health. Their salaries shall 
be $1000.00 per annum, payable in equal monthly installments. 
They shall be persons skilled in the science of dairying and com- 
petent to instruct dairymen in the proper methods of producing milk. 
They shall perform su.ch duties as may be assigned to them by the 
Chief Milk Inspector. All appointees under this section may be 
removed by the Chief Milk Inspector at his pleasure, with the ap- 
proval of the Board of Health. (At present there are four city 
inspectors who perform the same duties that would he expected of 
Deputy Milk Inspectors. Washington with a population half the 
size of St. Louis has eight. Bulletin 56, page 785.) 

Section 6. The Chief Milk Inspector shall be subject to all the 
laws and regulations governing city officers and may be removed 
from office by the majority vote of the Board of Health. (Modeled 
on Sec. 482 of the Code.) 

Section 7. The Chief Milk Inspector and the 12 Deputy Milk 
Inspectors shall be carried on the pay roll of the Board of Health 
and Health Commissioner, and all requisitions for supplies for the 
said Inspectors, shall be made by the Chief Milk Inspector and ap- 
proved by the presiding officer of the Board of Health. (Modeled 
on Sec. 483 of the Code.) 

GRANTING LICENSES TO SELL MILK. 

Section 8. The word "Persons" as used in this ordinance shall 
be construed also to mean any firm, association or corporation and 
the officers, agents or employees of either. The singular shall be 
construed to include plural and the plural the singular number. 
(Sec. 57 of Louisville Milk Ordinance.) 

Section 9. Every person who shall bring into the City of 
St. Louis for sale, or who shall within said city sell, offer for sale, ex- 
pose for sale, dispose of, exchange or deliver, or with the intent so 
to do, as aforesaid, have in his possession, care, custody or control 
within said city milk, cream or butter-milk, shall first be licensed to 
do so, and shall register as hereinafter provided in the office of the 
Chief Milk Inspector and pay to the City License Collector, the 
inspection fee provided for in this ordinance. {Modeled on regula-- 
tion, Cleveland Board of Health. See Sec. ^g^ of Code.) 

Section 10. No person shall bring into the City of St. Louis; 
for sale, or shall, within said city, sell or offer for sale, expose for 
sale, dispose of, exchange or deliver, or with the intent so to do as. 

13 



aforesaid, have in his possession, care, custody or control, within said 
city, any milk, cream or butter-milk which has been obtained from 
any milk dealer, dairyman or other person not having the certificate 
of inspection hereinafter provided for. {Modeled on regulation, 
ChvchiJid Board of Health.) 

Section ii. Persons registering in the office of the Chief 
Milk Inspector to procure a license to sell milk, cream or buttermilk 
shall apply for licenses according to one or more of the following 
classifications, to-wit : 

; (a) As a Milk Vendor, by which term is meant a person 

who is engaged in the business of selling milk, cream or butter-milk 
not as an incident to some other business but as an occupation in itself'. 

(b) As Operator of a City Milk Plant, by which term 
is meant a person who conducts a place where milk, cream or but- 
termilk is brought to be prepared for distribution to the customers 
of said person. This term shall not apply to those persons who 
prepare said articles for distribution to customers at the dairy where 
they are produced. 

(c) As Proprietor of a Store, by which term is meant a 
person who conducts a store, hotel, restaurant, saloon, ice cream 
parlor, confectionery or other place or places where milk, cream or 
buttermilk are sold and who is not properly in the milk business but 
who simply sells the said articles as an incident to the main business 
conducted by him. 

(d) As Operator of a Pasteurizer, by which term is 
meant one who uses a pasteurizing machine to pasteurize the milk 
or cream sold by him in the City of St. Louis. 

A Milk Vendor who also operates a City Milk Plant or a 
Pasteurizer, or who is Proprietor of a Store must register under each 
classification separately, and a certificate of registration as a Milk 
Vendor or Operator of a City Milk Plant will not entitle a person 
to operate a City Milk Plant or a Pasteurizer or a Store as herein 
defined, without a registration for each specified class. (This classi- 
fication is original.) 

Section 12. Any person registering In the office of the Chief 
Milk Inspector, as a Milk Vendor, or an Operator of a City Milk 
Plant, shall file a sworn application for registration on a printed 
form provided by the Chief Milk Inspector for that purpose, stating: 

1. The name, residence and location of the business place or 
places of applicant. 

2. If by a firm, the name of each member of the firm and loca- 
tion of the business place or places of the firm. 

14 



3- If by a corporation the name of the president and secre- 
tary and business manager or superintendent thereof, and location of 
the business places of the corporation. 

4. The number of cows, if any, owned or controlled by the 
applicant. 

5. The number and description of each and every wagon, 
carriage or other vehicle used in the milk or cream business and 
the number used for the delivery of milk to customers in the retail 
or wholesale business or both. 

6. The location of the Dairy or Dairies. 

(The first six sub-sections are practically the same as Sec. 4g4. of 
Code amended by Ordinance 242g6.) 

7. Where milk or cream is bought from localities outside of 
the City of St. Louis, a detailed statement of the locality from 
which the milk is brought, and the names and postoffice addresses of 
the person supplying the same, the condition of the cows and prem- 
ises, and precautions taken to produce pure milk, and a request for 
the inspection of said dairies by the Chief Milk Inspector, or a dep- 
uty milk inspector for the purpose of obtaining the certificate of 
inspection for the said dairies, as hereinafter provided for. (A new 
provision.) 

8. Where the milk, cream or butter-milk is handled at a ship- 
ping or collecting station, or stations, the location of same, together 
with a request for the inspection of said shipping or collecting sta- 
tions by the Chief Milk Inspector, or a deputy milk inspector, for 
the purpose of obtaining the certificate of inspection for the said 
stations, as hereinafter provided. (A new provision.) 

9. An agreement to furnish samples when requested by any 
City officer having the authority so to make the request. (Code, 
Section 494.) 

10. An agreement to abide by all the rules and regulations 
prescribed in this ordinance. (A new provision.) 

11. An agreement to buy milk, cream or buttermilk only from 
those dairies having a certificate of inspection as herein provided for. 
(New provision. Requiring the application to be sworn to is new.) 

Section 12a. Any person registering in the office of the Chief 
Milk Inspector as a Proprietor of a Store, shall comply with Section 
12 of this ordinance, with the exception that sub-sections five, six, 
seven and eight shall not apply to him. He must, however, state 

15 



what particular business he conducts and from what person he pur- 
chases the milk, cream or butter-milk sold by him. {Nem provision.) 

Section 12b. Any person registering in the office of the Chief 
Milk Inspector as Operator of a Pasteurizer shall comply with Sec- 
tion 12 of this ordinance, with the exception that sub-sections five, 
six, seven and eight shall not iapply to him. He must, however, state 
the name of the machine used, or intended to be used, whether he 
employs the Flash or Held Method of pasteurization, and the age of 
the machine used, together with the manufacturer's number of the 
same. (New provision.) 

Section 13. To every person registering, as provided in Sec- 
tions 12, 12a and 12b, a temporary permit shall be issued, which shall 
authorize the said persons to sell milk, cream or butter-milk in the 
City of St. Louis from the dairies mentioned in said application, or 
from the premises where said milk, cream or butter-milk is handled, 
sold or pasteurized, until the dairy or dairies of said person, or the 
dairies of the persons from whom he buys said milk, cream or but- 
ter-milk, or the shipping and collecting stations handhng said milk, 
cream or buttermilk, or the premises where he conducts a city milk 
plant or a store, or operates a pasteurizer, have been inspected, and 
a certificate of registration or inspection granted or refused. If a 
certificate of inspection for any dairy, or any shipping or collecting 
station shall be refused, the holder of said temporary permit shall 
be notified of the fact and shall not, after one day from the mailing 
or delivery of said notice, sell or deliver any milk, cream or butter- 
milk in the city of St. Louis produced in said dairy, or handled at 
said shipping or collecting stations. (Minneapolis ordinance — simi- 
lar provisions found in many cities.) 

Section 14. Whenever applications for registration, as pro- 
vided in Sections 12, 12a and 12b, shall be filed with the Chief Milk 
Inspector, it shall be his duty, or that of a deputy milk inspector, 
designated by him to inspect the herd and premises of the applicant, 
or the herd and premises of the person from whom the applicant 
buys the milk, cream or butter-milk, the shipping or collecting sta- 
tions in which the milk, cream or butter-milk is handled, the premises 
where a city milk plant is conducted, the premises where said milk, 
cream or butter-milk is sold, if sold in a store as herein defined, and 
the pasteurizing machine, if one is used. If the said place, or places, 
have been inspected within one year's time and found to conform to 
the provisions of this ordinance, it shall not be necessary to reinspect 
the same before issuing a certificate of registration or certificate of 
inspection. 

16 



The said premises above specified must be inspected by the 
Chief Milk Inspector, or the deputy milk inspector at least once 
every six months. (Bulletin ^6, page y/S- Washington inspects 
about five times a year. Section ^28 of the Code provides for in- 
spection of cozvs outside the City limits.) 

Section 15. If the conduct of said premises on inspection shall 
not comply with the provisions of this ordinance, it shall be the duty 
of the inspector to notify the owner, operator, proprietor, or his 
agent, in what respect the said premises, or manner of handling 
milk, are defective, and to fix a time within which to remedy the 
defects. At the expiration of said period of time, the said premises 
shall be reinspected and, if found to comply with the ordinance a 
certificate of inspection or a certificate of registration shall be issued 
as herein provided. (New provision.) 

Section 16. If, after the issuance and delivery of the certificate 
of registration, any changes be made in the conditions stated in the 
application for such registration, the holder of said certificate must 
forthwith give written notice to the Chief Milk Inspector for in- 
sertion and correction of the records of the department. The Chief 
Milk Inspector shall have power to call upon the holder of any cer- 
tificate of registration at any time for a new sworn statement con- 
taining the information required by Sections 12, 12a and 12b hereof. 
(New provision.) 

The Chief Milk Inspector shall only issue certificates of regis- 
tration, or certificates of inspection, in case he is satisfied that the 
premises specified in the application and the conduct thereof, have 
been properly inspected. If, in his opinion, the said premises have 
not been properly inspected, he may order another inspection before 
issuing the certificate of registration, or certificate of inspection. 
(Neiv provision.) 

Section 17. The Chief Milk Inspector shall issue numbered 
certificates of registration and certificates of inspection, good for a 
year, or until the premises therein specified have been reinspected, 
and shall keep a record thereof. (New provision.) No certificate 
of registration, or certificate of inspection, shall be sold, assigned, 
loaned or transferred, or placed in the care, custody, control or pos- 
session of any persons other than the one to whom it was issued. 
(Ordinance 2/j-2g6.) 

Certificates of registration, as a Milk Vendor, or an Operator 
of a City Milk Plant, shall be issued only after the dairies or ship- 
ping and collecting stations mentioned in the application, have been 
inspected as herein provided, and certificates of inspection issued 

17 



therefor. The Certificates shall state the dairies from which the 
holder may sell the milk, cream or butter-milk, and the shipping and 
collecting stations in which the milk, cream or butter-milk so sold by 
him may be handled. (New -provision.) 

Section i8. Before obtaining the certificate of registration 
every applicant shall pay fees as follows; which are not license fees 
but fees for inspection service : 

A fee of $2.00 per annum, the said fee to be payable annually 
on the first Monday of January. An applicant obtaining his first 
certificate of registration subsequent to the first Monday of January 
of any year, shall pay the full inspection fee of $2.00, which will 
entitle said holder to sell milk as herein provided only for the bal- 
ance of said year. Fees on renewal of certificates of registration 
must be paid the second Monday of January. (New Section.) 

PASTEURIZATION OR TUBERCULIN TEST 
REQUIRED. 

Section 19. No person shall bring into the City of St. Louis 
fcr sale or shall, within said city, sell or offer for sale, expose for 
sale, dispose of, exchange or deliver or with the intent so to do as 
aforesaid, have in his possession, care, custody, or control, within 
said city, any milk, cream or butter-milk unless such milk or cream 
or the milk or cream contained in the butter-milk be obtained from 
cows that have given a satisfactory negative tuberculin test within 
one year, or unless the milk or cream is pasteurized, according to the 
rules and regulations prescribed in this ordinance. {Modification of 
Chicago ordinance — there pasteurization was limited to fii-e years.) 

Section 20. A certificate of the veterinarian of the Board of 
Health of the City of St. Louis, or of a veterinary surgeon, duly 
registered or licensed under the laws of the State of Missouri or any 
other State, certfying that he has inspected the cows producing 
milk intended for sale in the City of St. Louis and has made and 
used what is com.monly known as the "tuberculin" test as a diagnos- 
tic agent for the detection of tuberculosis in such animal, or animals, 
so examined and tested, as aforesaid, and that such animals have 
failed to re-act, shall authorize the sale of the milk produced from 
the said cows in the City of St. Louis, without having the same 
pasteurized. 

After such inspection, examination and test of such cows, as 
hereinbefore provided, each and every animal so examined and 

18 



tested shall be tagged by the persoxi making such examination and 
test, with a tag duly numbered and of such character as to afford a 
permanent record of such examination and test and results of the 
same as regards the presence or absence of infectious or contagious 
diseases. The Board of Health of the City of St. Louis shall fur- 
nish all tuberculin, stationery and tags necessary and required for 
making such inspection, examination and test. (Modification of 
Mimieapolis ordinance.) 

STANDARDS OF MILK. 

Section 21. No person shall bring into the City of St. Louis 
for sale or shall, within said city, sell or offer for sale, dispose of, ex- 
change or deliver, or with the intent so to do as aforesaid, have in 
his possession, care, custody or control, within said city, milk: 

(a) Containing more than 88 per cent of water or fluid; con- 
taining less than 12 per cent of milk solids; or containing less than 
3% per cent milk fat. (U. S. Government and Missouri standards. 
Section SOI, Code, allows j per cent milk fat.) 

(h) From which any part of the cream has been removed ex- 
cept as hereinafter provided. (Cleveland regulations.) 

(c) To which any water, fluids, chemicals or any foreign sub- 
stance whatever, has been added. (Cleveland regulations.) 

(d) Containing any pathogenic bacteria ; containing more than 
one million bacteria of any kind per cubic centimeter. (Certified 
milk must not have in excess of jo,ooo; Chicago limits ^0,000 to 
lOG^ooo; Cleveland, f;oo,ooo'; New York City, 60,000 to 

IQO,00O.) 

{e) Drawn from any covs^s having a communicable disease, or 
from a herd which contains any diseased cattle or from a herd, the 
attendants of which are affected with, or have been exposed to any 
communicable disease. (State Law — Cleveland regulation.) 

(f) Drawn from any cow within fifteen days before or ten days 
after parturition. (Present ordinance 12 days after. Sec 506, Code; 
U. S. Government and State standard.) 

(g) Drawn from any cow which has been fed on garbage, 
refuse, swill, moist distillery or brewery waste or other improper 
food. (State law.) 

19 



(h) Having a temperature, or which has been kept at a tem- 
perature higher than 50 degrees Fahrenheit, (Present law, Sec. ^gf 
of Code.) 

Section 22. In contested analyses of milk, butter fat shall be 
estimated gravimetrically by the Adams Paper Coil process; total 
solids by evaporation and non-fatty solids by difference between total 
solids and butter fats and ash by weighing the residue after incinera- 
tion of total solids at a dull red heat until all the organic matter is 
destroyed. (Present Law, Section 501 of Code.) 

SKIMMED MILK. 

Section 23. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2i> 
paragraph b, milk from which a part or all of the cream has been 
removed and which is known as skimmed milk, may be lawfully sold, 
provided it contains not less than 9^4 P^r cent of milk solids, and 
not less than 8 J/4 per cent of milk solids, not fat, and which, with 
the above exceptions, complies with the provisions of Section 21, re- 
garding milk. 

All vessels, cans, or packages in which skimmed milk is carried, 
delivered, or sold, or from which it is sold, shall be distinctly marked 
in a conspicuous place above the center on the outside of each con- 
tainer with the words "Skimmed Milk" in uncondensed gothic let- 
ters not less than one inch in heighth. 

All wagons or vehicles from or in which skimmed milk is sold 
or delivered, or in which it is carried, shall be plainly marked on 
both sides of each vehicle by a sign, letters not less than three Inches 
in height, and painted a color to contrast sharply with the color of 
the wagon or background with the words "Skimmed Milk." 

Each store, depot or other place where skimmed milk is kept 
for sale or sold shall have displayed in plain view of any one enteringi 
the premises a sign the letters of which are distinct and not less than^ 
two inches in height, reading "Skimmed Milk For Sale." (Section 
^oj; of Code, Amended by Ordinance 24,582.) 

CREAM. 

Section 24. No person, firm or corporation shall bring into 
the City for sale or shall sell or offer for sale any cream that contains 
less than 1 2 per cent of butter fat and which is obtained from milk, 
produced, kept and handled In a manner other than that provided 
In this ordinance. (Section 502 of Code; State and U. S. Govt, call 
for 18 per cent.) 

20 



MODIFIED MILK, ETC. 

Section 25. Nothing in this ordinance shall be so construed as 
to prohibit the bringing intO' the City of St. Louis for sale, or the 
sale of, or having in the possession with Intent to sell, milk modified 
on a physician's order, milk prepared by a fermentation process or 
butter-milk, provided the same is obtained, made or compounded 
from milk or cream produced, kept and handled In accordance with 
the provision of this ordinance. (New section — compare with Sec- 
tion ^gg of Code.) 

RULES FOR INSPECTION OF DAIRIES. 

Section 26. All dairies Inspected under the provisions of Sec- 
tion 14 of this ordinance shall be graded according to the score card 
system adopted by the United States Department of Agriculture 
Bureau of Animal Industry, Dairy Division ; and Inspectors, in mak- 
ing their Inspection, shall use score cards similar to the ones used by 
the said Department of Agriculture. (Used by Washington, D. C; 
modified form in use at Cleveland, Geneva N. Y. and other cities.) 

Section 27. No milk, cream or butter-milk produced from milk 
taken from a dairy scoring less than fifty points shall be brought into 
the City of St. Louis for sale or shall be sold or offered for sale, 
disposed of, exchanged or delivered within the City of St. Louis, 
or with Intent so to do as aforesaid, shall be held in possession by 
anyone. (U. S. Government regulation.) 

Section 28. If any filthy condition is found amongst the herd 
or on the premises of dairies so inspected, particularly concerning 
dirty utensils the total score shall be limited to 49. 

If the water Is exposed to dangerous contamination or there Is 
evidence of the presence of a dangerous disease In the animals or 
attendants, the score shall be o. (U. S. Government regulation.) 

ISSUING CERTIFICATES OF INSPECTION. 

Section 29. The Inspector, on Inspecting dairies, shall make 
two carbons of the score card. One carbon he shall deliver to the 
owner of the dairy which he has inspected, the other carbon shall 
be delivered to the milk dealer handling the milk, cream or butter- 

21 



miJk produced from said dalry^ if the said milk, cream or butter- 
milk is not handled by the dairyman himself for sale in the City of 
St. Louis. The original card shall be sent to the Chief Dairy In- 
spector who, if satisfied that the said inspector has properly con- 
ducted the said inspection, shall issue a certificate of inspection to 
the owner of said dairy, certifying that the said dairy has been in- 
spected by the Milk Inspection Service of the City of St. Louis, 
Missouri, and that the milk, cream or butter-milk produced therein 
may be sold within the City of St. Louis. If the Chief Milk In- 
spector is not satisfied with the inspection made, he may order a new 
inspection of the premises before issuing the certificate of inspection 
herein provided for. (Modtjicatwn of Washington, D. C, system.) 

Section 30. It shall be the duty of the Inspectors to take two 
samples of milk from all dairies inspected by them under the pro- 
visions of this ordinance, not exceeding one pint, for the purpose 
of testing or analyzing the same. If requested by the person hav- 
ing in charge the milk from which the sample is taken, the inspector 
shall also give to the said person an additional sample of the milk, 
sealing the same and bearing the identification marks. The Inspector 
shall take the first two samples taken by him and place thereon 
marks for identification. He shall keep the samples sealed and 
placed on ice and kept at a temperature at or below 50 degrees Fah- 
renheit until opened for analysis and their quality finally determined. 
One sample shall be delivered to the City Chemist for ascertaining 
the chemical analysis of the sample;. the other sample shall be given 
to the City Bacteriologist to determine the bacteriological count of 
the same. (Modification, Section 48Q, of Code.) 

Section 31. All samples of milk or cream, taken or brought 
to the ofl'ice of the City Chemist or the City Bacteriologist by the In- 
spectors shall be analyzed or otherwise satisfactorily tested, and 
wherever or whenever said milk or cream so tested or analyzed shall 
be found violative of any of the provisions of this ordinance, the 
necessary steps shall be taken for prosecution for violation thereof, 
or for revocation of certificates of inspection or certificates of regis- 
tration as hereinafter provided. An accurate record of the results 
of all tests or analyses shall be kept and transmitted to the office of 
the Chief Milk Inspector, where the same shall be accessible as a 
matter of public information. (Modification, Section 4go, of Code.) 

Section 32. The City Chemist and the City Bacteriologist 
shall examine, test or analyze as may be deemed necessary, any sam- 
ple of cream or milk that may be submitted to them for examination 

22 



by any citizen when the same has been bought for his own or family 
consumption. (Section ^gi of Code.) 

Section 33. The Inspectors, when inspecting places other than 
dairies, shall in their discretion have the right to take samples of 
milk or cream wherever the said milk or cream is stored or kept for 
sale, or from wagons, carriages, or vehicles, railroad cars or convey- 
ances of any kind used for conveyance, transportation or delivery of 
milk or from any warehouse, factory, place of business, build- 
ings, railroad depot, erections, establishments, or places of any kind. 
In taking such samples they shall do so in the manner provided in 
Section 30 and perform the same duties thereto as therein provided. 
(Modification, Section ^Sg of Code.) 

Section 34. If any person who has applied for a certificate of 
registration as a milk vendor shall refuse to have the dairy or dairies 
inspected from which the milk is produced which he intends to sell 
in the City of St. Louis, no such certificate shall be issued to him. 
Whenever any dairyman mentioned in the application for registra- 
tion by an applicant as being one from whom the applicant buys milk 
for sale in the City of St. Louis, shall refuse tO' allow his herd and 
premises to be inspected, the applicant for registration shall be noti- 
fied of this fact in writing and the said applicant shall be forbidden 
to sell the milk of the said dairyman in the City of St. Louis. (Mod- 
ification of Washington, D. C, regulation.) 



REVOCATION OF CERTIFICATES. 

Section 3^;. The Board of Health shall have power to revoke 
all certificates of registration and all certificates of inspection when- 
ever the holders thereof violate any of the provisions of this ordi- 
nance. However, before any such certificates of registration or of 
inspection shall be so revoked, the holders of the said certificates 
shall be notified in what respect they are violating the ordinance and 
shall be given a certain number of days to be designated by the Chief 
Milk Inspector, to correct the violation and to comply with the terms 
of the ordinance. If at the expiration of said time the said holder 
fails to comply with the said ordinance, the Chief Milk Inspector 
shall so notify the Board of Health. The Board of Health shall 
thereupon give notice In writing to the holder of the said certificate, 
when the Board will take action relative to the question whether the 
certificate of said holder shall be revoked or not, and at said hearing 
the said holder shall have full opportunity to be heard either in per- 

23 



^on or by counsel. If in the opinion of the Board of Health the 
holder of the said certificate of registration or certificate of inspec- 
tion has failed to establish compliance with the ordinance, the Board 
of Health shall thereupon revoke the said certificate of registration 
or certificate of inspection. (Modification of Washington, D. C, 
regulation.) 

Section 36. On revocation of a certificate of registration, the 
holder thereof shall not be allowed to register again unless he shall 
give a bond to the City of St. Louis for the sum of $500.00, condi- 
tioned that he will faithfully observe all the ordinances relating to 
the question of milk, cream or butter-milk which may be in force in 
the City of St. Louis. {San Francisco provision.) 

Certificates of inspection shall, after a revocation by the Board 
of Health, be granted to a prior holder thereof, who subsequently 
complies with the provisions of this ordinance, only on the following 
conditions : 

On payment of $5.00 to the City License Collector, where the 
certificate has been revoked the first time; on payment of $10.00 to 
the City License Collector, where a certificate of inspection has been 
revoked twice within two years. 

Where a certificate of inspection has been revoked three times 
within two years, the milk produced or handled on the premises for 
which said crtificate was issued, shall not again be sold in the City 
of St. Louis for a period of six months from the date of the last 
revocation. (Original provisions.) 

MISCELLANEOUS SANITARY PROVISIONS FOR 

DAIRIES. 

Section 37. The holders of certificates of registration and cer- 
tificates of inspection shall forthwith report to the Chief Milk In- 
spector or a Deputy Milk Inspector the presence of a sick or diseased 
cow among the herd of cattle of said holder or the presence of a 
sick horse or other animal kept near or about the stable, premises 
or place where milk cows are kept or milked. The said sick or dis- 
eased animal shall forthwith be removed from the said herd and 
from the premises or places where the milk cows are kept or milked. 
If the holder fails to remove the said diseased or sick animal, no 
milk produced from his said dairy shall be sold within the City of 
St. Louis until the said animal be removed and there has been a sub- 
sequent inspection of the said dairy. It shall also' be cause to revoke 
the certificate. (Modification of Sections 510 and 512, as amended 
by Ordinance 24,^^^; also Section 530.) 

24 



Section 38. No person suffering from or exposed to or liable- 
to communicate to other persons any contagious or infectious disease 
shall work in or about the producing, holding or offering for sale, or 
the selling of milk intended for consumption in the City of St. Louis. 
Any holder of a certificate of registration or of inspection shall have- 
the same forfeited for the violation of this provision. (State lazv.) 

Section 39. Whenever in any house connected with any dairy 
there is any case of smallpox, dyptheria, scarlet fever, typhoid fever 
or tuberculosis, the sale of milk from such dairy or depot is prohib-^ 
ited until the disease has terminated and the premises been fumigated. 
(Modification of Section SS3-) 

Section 40. Where milk is bottled at a dairy, it shall be done 
in a room separate and apart from the cow barn. The bottling room 
must have good adequate light and ventilation, have a floor con- 
structed of impervious material ; the walls of the room must be kept 
clean, and painted or whitewashed. The utensils used in bottling 
must be kept scrupulously clean. (Modification of New York Regu- 
lation.) 

SHIPPING AND COLLECTING STATIONS AND CITT 

MILK PLANTS. 

The following provisions shall apply to Shipping and Collect- 
ing Stations, and City Milk Plants : 

Section 41. Living quarters shall not be located in the build- 
ing, and no living quarters may, at any time, be directly connected 
with any room In which milk is exposed or handled. Collection or 
shipping stations shall not be used for any other purpose nor shall 
any other business be conducted therein. (New York regulation. ) 

Section 42. Wherever milk is bottled or otherwise prepared,, 
a separate room, known as the "Wash Room," shall be maintained' 
for the purpose of receiving, storing and cleaning cans, bottles and 
utensils. This shall be separated from that part of the building 
where the milk Is stored and bottled, known as the "Milk Room," 
by complete partition and door. The Wash Room shall be so lo- 
cated that dirty utensils do not have to pass through or be received 
in the room where the milk is handled or prepared. The floor of 
the Wash Room shall be so arranged that Its drainage does not run 
Into the Milk Room. Dirty cans and utensils shall not be takert 
into, kept or stored in the Milk Room. (Chicago regulation.) 

Section 43, The Milk Handling Room m.ust be adequately sup- 
plied with natural light. Windows should be fitted with adjustable 

25 



sashes and all windows must be washed and kept clean. Such rooms 
must be kept clean and used exclusively for handling milk and must 
in no case be used for the purpose of manufacturing cheese, casein, 
or other by-products, and must be separated from the place where the 
engine, boilers or wash vats are located. (New York regulation.) 

Section 44. From the first day of April, and ending the first 
day of December in any year, all the windows and doors must be 
screened so as to prevent flying insects from having access to the 
milk, cream or other milk products handled at the said place. (Or- 
dinance 2^,'/^'/.) 

Section 45. The walls and ceilings of all rooms must be 
sheathed or sealed, plastered or covered with smooth cement. The 
walls and ceilings must be painted or whitewashed. (New York reg- 
ulation.) 

Section 46. The floor of all rooms must be constructed of 
cement or tile laid in cement, brick or other suitable non-absorbent 
material which can be flushed and washed clean with water. {New 
York regulation.) 

Section 47. All drains roust be earthenware or iron with gas 
tight joints. They must be continuous from the floor level to point 
of disposal and must be properly attached. All the drain pipes must 
be protected against freezing. All drains must be discharged at a 
distance not less than five hundred feet from building unless it be 
discharged at a nearer point into a properly covered cesspool or 
sewer. Any space beneath the building must be kept dry and clean. 
All strainers in the floor directly over the drainage pipe should be 
at least six inches in diameter, and so constructed that they can be 
readily opened and the drains cleaned. (New York regulation.) 

Section 48. The building should, if possible, be so arranged 
that the milk may flow by gravity from the point where it is received 
to its final point of handling. If milk pots or pipes are used for milk, 
the interior surface must be finished in such a manner as to present 
a smooth clean surface to the milk flowing through, and they must 
be so installed that they can readily be taken apart. They must be 
thoroughly cleaned after each use. (New York regulation.) 

Section 49. All receiving, weighing or storage vats in which 
milk is handled must be made of smoothly tinned metal, must have 
all joints soldered flush and must be kept in good repair and thor- 
oughly cleaned and sterilized after each use. These vats must be 
provided with tin covers so constructed that they will not interfere 

26 



with the handling of milk. The vats must be covered when in use. 
(New York regulation.) 

Section 50. Cans used for returning skimmed milk, whey or 
feed to the farm must not be used for milk and must be painted 
some distinctive color and plainly marked with the words "Not to 
be used for Milk" in letters at least two inches high. (Nem York 
regulation.) 

Section 51. All milk cans or bottles used for shipment of milk 
or in which milk is delivered to the said premises, must be washed as 
follows : 

They should be washed and scrubbed with a washing solution 
and warm water. After they are thoroughly scrubbed they should 
be rinsed with clean water. They should then be exposed to a suf- 
ficient quantity of live steam or steam under pressure, to render them 
sterile. All bottles and cans, after washing, must be protected until 
used so that they will not become contaminated. (Modification of 
New York regulations.) 

Section 52. Vats or tanks in which milk is cooled must be 
tightly constructed of some non-absorbent material and kept water- 
tight. 

The tanks must be supplied daily with clean water or filled with 
ice and the water, at no time, must be allowed to become offensive. 
(New York regulation.) 

Section 53. Milk of a- temperature above 60 degrees Fahren- 
heit must not be received at the creamery or shipping station unless 
it be milk delivered within three hours from the time it was drawni 
from the cow. Milk must not be received which contains floating 
manure, straw, flies or other filth. Milk must be immediately and 
rapidly cooled to a temperature of 50 degrees Fahrenheit or less 
and so kept until shipped or delivered. (Modification of New York 
regulation. See Section 4gy of Code.) 

Section 54. Measuring rods or dippers used in taking samples 
must be thoroughly washed and sterilized daily and the receiving 
agent must at no time permit the milk to come in contact with his 
person. (New York regulation.) 

Section 55. Said premises must have a running supply of pure 
water. If a public water supply is not used, such other supply must 
be approved by the Chief Milk Inspector. If the water is drawn 
from a well or spring and does not flow by gravity to the creamery, 
a suitable storage tank must be Installed so that water, ample for the 

27 



needs of the business, may always be secured from the water fau- 
cets in any part of the building. (New York regulation.) 

Section ^6. No person suffering from smallpox, dyptheria, 
scarlet fever, typhoid fever, syphilis, or tuberculosis, or any one in 
attendance upon a person so suffering shall be employed in the han- 
dling of milk or milk utensils. Any of the said diseases occuring in 
the families of the dairymen or in the households of anyone engaged 
in producing or handling the milk coming to the said premises, must 
be reported at once to the Chief Milk Inspector or a Deputy Milk 
Inspector and proper steps taken to prevent the milk from becoming 
contaminated. (State la'ii? — modification.) 

Section 57. All attendants in the said places must wear clean 
garments and be cleanly in their habits. Spitting or smoking in any 
part of the building must be absolutely prohibited. (New York 
regulation.) 

Section 58. A water-closet or privy must be provided sepa- 
rate from, any place where milk is handled. If a privy vault, the 
seats should be provided with covers so arranged that they will auto- 
matically close when they are not in use. The vault must be sealed 
to prevent the entrance of flies. (New York regulation.) 

Section 59. No dogs, cats or other domestic animals shall be 
in any room in which milk is exposed or handled. (New York reg- 
ulation.) 

Section 60. If a bottling machine is installed for the purpose 
of bottling milk, it must first be approved by the Chief Milk Inspec- 
tor before being used, for the purpose of seeing whether it battles 
milk in a cleanly manner and if it can be and is kept clean. (New 
Yo?k regulation.) 

REGULATIONS FOR STORES. 

Section 61. The premises where the business of the said ap- 
plicants for certificates of registration is conducted must be separated 
by tight-fitting doors and a complete partition from living rooms, 
kitchen, laundry, sanitary closets, sleeping rooms, or from places 
Vv^here horses, cattle, fowls, and other animals are kept or slaughtered. 
The said premises must be properly lighted and ventilated, and be- 
tween the first day of April and the first day of December, the win- 
dows and doors must be fitted with fly screens. (Chicago regula- 
tion.) 

28 



Section 62. The vessels which contain the milk, cream or but- 
termilk while on sale, or while held for sale, or to be served as food, 
must be so protected by suitable covers, and must be so placed in 
the premises that the articles therein contained will not become con- 
taminated by dust and dirt. The cans containing the said articles 
shall not be allowed to stand on the sidewalk or outside the premises. 
If the said articles are kept in vats, they shall be constructed of im- 
pervious material and should have a smooth inner surface. They 
shallbe provided with dustprooif covers, and be drained indirectly into 
the sewer. The water in the vats shall be kept clean and free from 
sediment and odor. The vats shall be kept clean and free from dust, 
lime, sediment or milk crust. The temperature of the water shall 
not be above 50 degrees Fahrenheit. (Modification of New York 
regulations.) 

Section 63. If the said articles are kept in an ice box or refrig- 
erator they must be kept in such a box or refrigerator in which only 
said articles or similar articles of food are stored. The ice box or 
vats in which the said articles are kept must be thoroughly cleaned by 
scrubbing at least twice a weeL The overflow pipe from the ice 
box or refrigerator in which the said articles are kept must not be 
connected directly with the drain pipe or sewer, but discharged into 
a properly trapped sewer, connected water supply, open sink, or else 
into a receptacle which is emptied before the same overflows. 
(Modification of Chicago and New York regulations.) 

Section 64. All shipping cans, bottles, dippers, skimmers, 
measures, strainers, and other utensils, must be so constructed that 
all parts are absolutely free from spaces where milk can accumulate 
or soak in, so that it cannot be removed by simply washing. The 
surface coming into contact with milk or cream must be smooth and 
free from excessive rust. All utensils must be kept scrupulously 
clean inside and outside at all times, and shall be thoroughly washed 
directly after each day's use. (Chicago regulation; see Section 4g2 
of the Code.) 

Section 6^. Where milk is sold in bottles, the bottles must be 
thoroughly cleaned and sterilized, before being refilled. (New York 
regulation.) 

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. 

Section 66. No milk, cream or butter-milk shall be sold, ex- 
posed for sale, disposed of, exchanged or delivered, or with the in- 
tent so to do, as aforesaid, held in the possession, care, custody or 

29 



control of any person in the City of St. Louis, in quantities less than 
one gallon, unless the said milk, cream or butter-milk is in sanitary 
bottles, sealed with suitable caps, or stoppers, or some other sealed 
receptacle readily sealed and sterilized, or which is used only once, 
to be approved by the Board of Health. This section shall not apply 
to stores, hotels, or restaurants where cream, milk or butter-milk is 
sold to be drunk with meals served on the said premises, or where 
the said milk, cream, or butter-milk is sold, to be immediately con- 
sumed on the premises where sold. (Modification of Chicago and 
Cleveland ordinances.) 

Section 67. All consumers of milk, cream or butter-milk, with- 
in the City of St. Louis shall, as soon as they empty the bottle in 
which the milk, cream or butter-milk is contained, wash out the same 
and keep it in a clean condition until returned to the milk dealer or 
other person from whom the same was obtained. (New provis- 
ion.) 

Section 68. Bottles which have been used for the delivery, 
sale or handling of milk, cream or butter-milk, shall be used for no 
other purpose. (New provision.) 

Section 69. No person shall remove from any dwelling or any 
other place, in which exists any case of communicable disease, any 
bottles or other receptacles which have been or which are to be used 
for containing or storing milk, cream or butter-milk except with the 
permission of the Board of Health under such rules and regulations 
as it may provide therefor . (Cleveland regulation.) 

Section 70. No milk, cream or butter-milk for sale in the City 
of St. Louis shall be bottled except in the milk house, dairy or other 
building where milk is regularly stored and sold and which com- 
plies in all respects with the provisions relating to the bottling of 
milk in City Milk Plants. (Modification of Cleveland Regulation.) 

Section 71. No milk intended for sale in the City of St. Louis 
shall be transferred from one can, bottle or receptacle into another 
can, bottle or receptacle on any street, alley, depot or thoroughfare, 
or upon a delivery wagon or other vehicle or in any exposed place 
in the City of St. Louis, except in the shipping station, city milk 
plant, or in the enclosed premises of the customers of the dealer in 
milk. If tickets are used in the sale of milk in the City of St. Louis, 
said tickets shall be only in the shape of coupon tickets that can be 
used once only, or metal tickets. (Modification of Cleveland, 
Louisville and Baltimore ordinances.) 

30 



Section 72. The caps used to seal the milk bottles, shall bear 
the name of the dealer of the milk and shall also state the day of 
the week when the milk was bottled. (New York regulation — cer- 
tified milk regulation.) 

PASTEURIZATION. 

Section 73. The premises in which the milk is pasteurized, 
shall in all respects conform with the provisions of this ordinance 
regarding shipping or collecting stations. (N.ew provision.) 

Section 74. Where the Flash, or Continuous method is used 
for the pasteurization of milk or cream, the same shall be heated to 
a temperature not less than 160 degrees Fahrenheit nor more than 
170 degrees Fahrenheit. (Nezv provisions original with com- 
mittee.) 

Section 75. Where the Held method of pasteurization is 
used in pasteurizing milk or cream, the said milk or cream shall be 
heated according to the following table : 

A uniform heating from 140 degrees F. to 146 degrees F., 
maintained not less than twenty minutes, nor more than thirty min- 
utes. 

A uniform heating from 146 degrees F. to 158 degrees F., 
maintained not less than ten minutes, nor more than twenty minutes. 
(New provision, original with comwAttee.) 

Section 76. The pasteurized product shall be cooled at once 
to a temperature of 45 degrees Fahrenheit or less. This coohng shall 
be so conducted that the pasteurized product is not exposed to the 
air or other contamination. This cooling apparatus shall be so con- 
structed that it can be readily cleansed and sterilized. (New York 
regulation. See Section /f.g'j of Code.) 

Section 77. All pasteurizers operated for the production of 
pasteurized milk or cream to be sold in the City of St. Louis, shall 
be equipped with an apparatus regulating automatically the supply 
of steam and heat so as to correspond with and produce the required 
temperature of the out-flow of the pasteurized product. The auto- 
matic thermo-regulators shall be accurate, and must be approved by 
the Chief Milk Inspector before being installed. 

A recording apparatus shall be installed upon all pasteurizers 
to record during operation the temperature of the pasteurized pro- 
duct as it flows from the heater. The thermometer of this record- 
ing apparatus must be accurate and kept merged in the milk in such 
a way that it is not exposed to escaping steam or other heat, except 
the heated milk. The records made by this recording thermometer 

31 



must be accurate and made In a chamber which is kept under lock 
and key in the control of the Chief Milk Inspector. 

The automatic-thermo regulating and recording apparatus may 
he combined into one instrument. (Chicago regulation.) 

Section 78. Directly after pasteurization the milk or cream 
pasteurized shall contain no pathogenic bacteria and not more than 
100,000 other bacteria per cubic centimeter. (Provision original 
•with committee.) 

Section 79. All containers in which pasteurized milk is de- 
livered to the consumer, shall be plainly labeled "Pasteurized." The 
labels must also bear the day of the week when the pasteurization 
was completed, the degree of heat, the length of time exposed to the 
heat and the name of the dealer. (Nw York regulation.) 

Section 80. Pasteurized milk must be delivered to the con- 
sumer within twenty- four hours of the pasteurization. (New York 
regulation.) 

Section 81. No milk shall be pasteurized a second time, nor 
shall any milk which contains an excessive number of bacteria be 
pasteurized at all. (New York regulation.) 

PENALTIES. 

Section 82. Any milk, cream or butter-milk which has been 
larought Into the City of St. Louis for sale, or Is held or offered for 
sale In said city, which does not comply with the provisions of this 
ordinance, or which has not been produced, kept or handled in ac- 
cordance with the provisions herein, may be seized and destroyed 
forthwith by the Chief Milk Inspector, or a deputy milk Inspector 
■of the City of St. Louis. (Minneapolis ordinance. See Section ^og 
of Code.) 

Section 83. Any one selling, handling or otherwise disposing 
of milk without obtaining the necessary certificate of registration, 
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and be punished by fine from $25 
to $200. All violations of this ordinance In any respect other than 
above shall constitute a misdemeanor and the punishment for said 
violation shall be a fine of from $5 to $200. 

Section 84. Articles 5 and 6, Chapter II of the Revised Code 
■of St. Louis, 1907, and ordinances numbered 24295, 24296, 24297, 
-24354 and 24582, are hereby repealed. 



32 



LIBRPRY OF CONGRESS 







